THE GLIMPSE INTO THE FUTURE - MLTech

Introduction 

Magnetic Levitation Technology (MLTech) is a advance technology. Several countries in the world impressed by MLTech. In the name magnetic levitation technology indicates the use of magnetic force. By using MLTech the speed of the train become ordinary to superfast. Maglev is derived from magnetic levitation which means to lift a vehicle without any mechanical support with the help of magnetic field generated by either permanent magnets or electromagnets. There are 2 sets of magnets used in maglev train system. One set of magnet is used to levitate train body from train track & another set is used to propel the vehicle with the help of attraction and repulsion. 

"GLIMPSE INTO THE FUTURE"

               

Concept of MLTech :

In magnetic levitation or magnetic suspension method, object is suspended in air without any support of any thing. It is based on the principle of magnetic poles and repeal each other. In MLTech the magnetic force is used against the effect of gravitational force.

Levitation Superconductivity

Train upward & forward by poles & repel

What is the maglev ?

Maglev is the system of transportation which is comming from magnetic levitation, it is used in high speed metro, hyperloop, airplanes, etc.

Ability of Maglev Train by using MLTech :

Imagine one of the train will covering New York to Los Angeles distance in just 7 hr. duration but actual distance is covered by car within 41 hr. duration 

That's possible in 7 hr. Yes, obviously possible by using levitation technology in train & that train is called as maglev train.

History of Maglev :

James Powell & Gorden Danby received the first patent in 1960's for train design by using magnetic levitation technology. Magnetic levitation train can identify their root. This technology for train first developed in Brookhaven National Laboratory

This idea is came to Powell. He imagined as he sat in traffic jam & he thinks on topic of the better way of travelling on land by using car or traditional train.

He used superconducting magnet to leviate the train car. Superconducting magnets are electromagnet that are cooled to extreme temperatures result in increases the magnetic field.

The first commercially operated super high speed maglev train in Shanghai in year 2004 after that it is also operated in Japan and South Korea 

Structure of Maglev Train :

A maglev train car is just a box with magnet. In maglev, superconducting magnets suspends a train car on U-shaped concrete way & design of floating magnet creates a smooth strip.

How it works ?

As we know, in maglev superconducting magnets are used. When superconducting magnets are cooled to less than 450 degrees fahrenheit (-450°F) below zero.

By resulting it can produce magnetic fields upto 10 times stronger than ordinary magnets, it is enough to suspend a train. These magnetic fields interact with metallic loops into the concrete walls of way/path. That loops are made up of conductive materials, like aluminium and when magnetic fields moves fast then it creates the electric current and that generates another magnetic fields.

Advantages of MLTech in Maglev :

• Doesn't create any turbulence or disturbance.
• It eliminates friction because there is only friction of air so, it's very convenient to travel.
• The speed of the train car is superfast. The speed of maglev is 375 miles per hour. 
• There are no require of driver therefore it requires less manpower. Beacuse in that computer algorithm is used.
• It is safe beacuse it is driven by powered way/path. On the same route two trains are can't meet up or crash one another. Beacuse all trains are travelled with same speed
• It leads to more flexible transportation in future.

Recent (2021) realtime project of maglev train using MLTech :

Now, China builds world's super fastest maglev train by using MLTech. This maglev speed reach upto 600 kmph., it operates between Bejing to Shanghai in just 2.5 hours means almost twice as fast as a high speed rail. Maglev train speed is very fast & it makes the new high records of speed.

Conclusion :

The MLTech for maglev is very advanced technology also it is impressed by several fastest country. With this technology maglev has potential to become a major & easiest mode of transportation. 

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World's Largest Piller Less Dome

Do you know, world's largest piller less dome?

Don't no about that. Ok....

Let's see, about World's Largest Piller Less Dome

This dome is also called as Global Vipassana Pagoda. This is located in Gorai Village, Borivali West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.  It is specifically designed for meditation purpose. It is also known for world's largest hollow stone masonry structure which containing relics of the Buddha. The relics were originally found in Bhattiprolu, Guntur Andhra Pradesh, South India. They have been donated by Mahabodhi Society of India & Prime Minister of Shri Lanka to be kept at Global Vipassana Pagoda. This place is the source of  spiritual power, soul, peace, positive energy, real happiness.

Pagodas As A Structure of Reverence !

Specifications :

• Seating Capacity - 8000 meditators
• Height of Dome - Approx. 29m. 
• Height of Building - 96.12 m
• Covering Area - more than 6000 m²
• External diameter of the largest section of dome - 97.46 m
• Shortest section diameter - 94.82 m
• Internal diameter of dome - 85.15 m

Construction Materials :

Dome is made from sandstone brick and each brick interlock with each other. Lime mortar is used for filling gaps, circulation path is made by marble. The foundation of dome consist of basalt. The peak of dome is made up of crystal. Spire of the dome is covered by real gold & rest is covered by gold paint with spire is topped with a special ornamental umbrella.

Construction Timeline :

• Start - 2000
• Completed - 2008
• Open for public - 8 February 2009

Why it is designed by Burmese style?

This pagoda is traditionally designed by Burmese style & this style is an expression of gratitude towards Vipassana practice preserving country Myanmar. This pagoda is a copy of Shwedagon Pagoda (Golden Pagoda), Myanmar.

Global Vipassana Pagoda Complex consists of following structures :

• Main pagoda dome containing relics of the Buddha with circulation path around it
• Two small pagodas
• Vipassana Research Institute with facility for Pali study program
• Dhammalaya Gaust House
• Museum
• Library and study rooms
• Administrative building
• Underground parking

Features :

• Architectonic Style - Burmese style
• Construction - Hollow piller less dome 
• Main Material - Self supporting interlocking stones
• Pagoda containing the relics of the Bhagwan Gautam Buddha.
• Spire is covered by real gold.
• Periphery of that structure was covered with rock mesh 
• This place is attraction of Words Biggest Piller less Pagoda as well as boudha stup, statue of Buddha, whell of Dhamma rotates, Bell 🔔 

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Highest bridge than eiffel tower?

Chenab river is passing through Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). For the convenience of people & railways, Indian Railways decided railway bridge will construct on the Chenab river, near Salal Hydro Power Dam which is in between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasai district which is a part of Udhampur - Srinagar - Baramulla rail link project. This bridge is called Chenab railway bridge & it is also known for World's Highest Single Arch Railway Bridge. 

Photo via business today

Characteristics

• Owner : Indian Railways
• Construct trough : AFCONS Infrastructure
• Type of Design : Single Arch 
• Designed as : Blast Proof
• Help in Design : IISc Bangalore & DRDO
• Material Used : Special Steel & Concrete
• Height of Bridge : 1178 ft.
• Length of Bridge : 4314 ft.
• Span of Arch : 1532 ft.
• Length of Arch : 1570 ft.
• Spans in Bridge :  17 No.

Photo via financial express

It makes 

• The World's Highest Single Arch Railway Bridge
• The bridge with longest span in the Indian Broad Gauge Railway Network
• It is 35m higher than the Eiffel Tower in Paris

Let's see the overview of that bridge at the time of construction. 👇👇

U.V. Radiation : CORONA

Ultraviolet radiation light connection with COVID'19. How it is true, Yes it is true. Let's know it.

Ultraviolet light is used for kill the germs, bacteria as well as viruses. It is also used for killing SARS CoV-2. Ultraviolet rays created by naturally from the sun but it also created by artificially.

Photo via economictimes.indiatimes.com

Why World Health Organisation declares Coronavirus named as COVID'19 ?

Origin of coronavirus is SARS CoV-2, CoV taken a part in that name & after that continue by suffix 19 in COVID'19 that means coronavirus was found in the year 2019 after considering World Health Organisation declares coronavirus named as COVID'19.

Types of U.V. light :

• UVA (Wavelength ranges from 315-400nm)
• UVB (Wavelength ranges from 280-315nm)
• UVC (Wavelength ranges from 100-280nm)

In that the UVC light is used for disinfect the surface, atmosphere means air, liquid. It ranges from 100-280 nm. 

Photo via factcheck

Why UVC light is used for disinfection?

UVC light has more energy. UVC light is absorbed from sun in the Earth ozone. So you are not normally exposed to it. However, there are various phisically made source of UVC light. In UVC light not contain harmful radiation's that causes not only skin burn, skin cancer but also skin aging. Therefore this light is used for disinfection.

Why other light is not used for disinfection instead of UVC light?

Following are the reasons for UVA & UVB light :

• UVA Light - It has the lowest amount of energy. When you are going to outside in the sun then your skin being contact with UVA light & it connects with skin damages and skin aging.
• UVB Light - It settle middle in the UV light spectrum. Some part is sun light contain UVB light & UVB light contain main type of UV light connect with burn causes skin cancer.

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World's Highest Multiple Arch Dam

Meishan Dam is the world's highest multiple arc dam. This dam is situated in East China which make the largest irrigation system in China. The size is 130km from Shine River to Huaikou. It is a largest conservatory & hydropower project.

Photo via en.people.cn

Specifications 👇👇

• Name : Meishan Dam
• Structure Type : Arch Dam
• Hight : 88m
• Start of Construction : Year 1954
• Construction Complete :  Year 1956
• Dam Ready For Utilise : Year 1958

Viewing experience of World's Highest Multiple Arch Dam by clicking below 👇👇

L.E.C. (Light Emitting Concrete)

In the year 2001 Light emitting concrete idea was first introduced by Hungarian architect 'Aron Losonzi'. First light emitting concrete block was successfully produced in year 2003 by adding large amount of optical fibre. It is the mixture of optical fibre & concrete. Light emitting concrete also known as self luminous concrete or glow in the dark concrete. This concrete catch energy during the daytime means this concrete absorb the solar energy and convert it into the light. 

Photo via link.springer.com

Materials Used for L.E.C.  :

• Cement
• Fine Aggregate
• Coarse Aggregate
• Optical Fibres
• Water

Elements of Optical Fibre :

Elements of Optical Fibre

• Core - The thin glass center of fibre where light transfer is called core.
• Cladding - The outer material surrounding of core that reflect the light to core.
• Buffer Coating - It is the plastic coating that protects the fibre from water damage as well as moisture.

Uses of L.E.C.  :

• For decorative & aesthetic purpose 
• This concrete is used for constructing illuminate walls
• It is suitable for pavement, floors and also for load bearing walls
• Used for partition wall where the light is not available in that area
• In the area of creative design
• For roadways, bridges, bike path, etc.

Photo via thearchitecturetimes.com

Advantages of L.E.C. : 

• Energy saving material
• Where light is not able to come then that place use L.E.C.
• Lifespan is about 100 years
• Totally eco-friendly because gas realease during manufacturing process is water vapour
• It can expand light for approx. 12 hr. 

Disadvantages of L.E.C. :

• It is so costly because of using optical fibres
• Casting of L.E.C. blocks is difficult
• Special skilled labour is required 

Photo via australiandesignreview.com

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3D Printing Technology in Construction

You hear 3D Printing Technology is used in field of mechanical, medical, jewellery, etc  but this technology enters in construction industry. Yes, we say 3D Printing Technology in construction WoW...

The 3D printing technology is fully automated controlled by computer. In that technology execution of printing an object layer by layer and this technology used for manufacturing various types of models and producing complex shapes of engineering products.

Photo via 3dprint.com

Some variety of 3D printing used at construction site with extrusion, powder bonding and additive welding. This technology used on-site & off-site fabrication of building and components by using industrial robot, gantry system, autonomous vehicles. It is used for fabrication of not only houses but also construction of components, bridge, civil infrastructure, etc.

Principles of 3D printing :

1. Modeling : 

Modeling means drawing the plan of building or any other structure in CAD software. In that drawing we should mention all the things with the requirement of customer because 3D printer work as per provided design. 

2. Printing : 

3D printer print object as per the design which you provided. Print the object by 3D printer in layer by layer and extrusion. 

3. Finishing : 

Next step is finishing. It is done after modeling and printing.   

Advantages of 3D Printing :

• Speed of construction is fast
• Single storeyed building is constructed within 12-14 hours.
• Require lower labour costs
• Formworks, scaffolds, etc not required
• Environmental friendly
• Emission of Carbon footprint is reduced
• Waste produced is less
• Increase accuracy

Disadvantages of 3D Printing :

• Though the cost of construction may be reduced by 3D printing but the cost of the printers is huge.
• Skilled labourers who can work efficiently with 3D printer.
• CAD are required
• The size of the printers is huge so it can creates problems in the on-site storage.

Conventional Building Vs 3D Printed Building

Some facts about 3D printing technology in construction

• First 3D printed building is fabricated in Europe
• First 3D printed two storey building in India was constructed by L&T Construction located at company's Kanchipuram facility near Chennai City.

India's first two storey building by using 3D printing technology. Image via COBOD

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Hidden beauty Gilbert Hill

Gilbert Hill naturally formed please guess where this gilbert hill where ???

Ok. Gilbert Hill is in Mumbai, Maharashtra why not believe? yes, yes it is in CROWDED MUMBAI. Hidden beauty in Mumbai. Let's know about this Gilbert Hill.

Gilbert Hill is 200 ft means 61 m elevation. It is monolith column of black basalt rock. This one of the geologically important structure which is located in Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra. 

It is 65 million year old hill. This is formed totally by lava & this is shear vertical faced structure. It is rare & one of the special structure. Other than it only two structures in the world. Both are in U.S. one is located at the Devil's Postpile National Momentum in California & other one is Devil's Tower National Momentum in Wyoming. 

In 1952 Gilbert Hill was declared as a national park by the Geological Survey of India & after that in the year of 2007 Gilbert Hill declared as a Grade II heritage structure by Municipality. Top of this hill there is a temple of Gaodevi.

Why this rock named as a Gilbert Hill?

The hill was named as Gilbert Hill because the American Geologist G. K. Gilbert studied this rock.

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Marvel of Modern Engineering

Water bridge is new to hear, Yes water bridges is in the world. The most water bridges are from outside India such as UK, Netherlands, France, Germany, Belgium. 

Features of Water Bridges:

• They helps for transporting goods, machinery's, services across rivers & connect such places which are not connected before.
• They are not producing pollution while cars, motors, busses, trucks producing pollution mainly air pollution.
• Looks awesome

#10 Water Bridges in the World 👇👇

1) Magdeburg Water Bridge, Germany.

Photo via forbs.com

• Magdeburg water bridge was opened for transportation in 2003. 
• Longest navigable aqueduct in the world.

2) Aqueduct Ringvaart Haarlemmermeer,       Netherlands.

Photo via reddit.com

• Netherland's oldest water bridge.
• Circular canal around the Haarlemmermeer.
• This forms the boundary of Haarlemmermeer Municipality.

3) Aqueduct Veluwemeer, Netherlands.

Photo via pinterest.com

• Largest artificial island in world.
• It connect Netherlands to Flevoland.
• 25 meters of epicness flowing loudly right above an underpass in the middle of lake Voluwemeer is called the Aqueduct Veluwemeer.

4) Pont du Sart Aqueduct, Belgium.

photo via simpleandinteresting.wordpress.com

• It carry the Centrumkannal water channel.
• It is one of the longest of its kind.

5) Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, U.K.

Photo via pinterest.com

• It is the longest and highest navigable aqueduct in Britain.
• It was constructed in the year of 1805.
• This water bridge is 307 meters long and 38 meters above the river.
• It also happens the world heritage site.

6) Lune Aqueduct, U.K.

Photo via lancasterguardian.co.uk

• It was built in 1797.
• It carries Lancaster Canal 18 meters above the river Lune.
• It is 200 meters in length in Lancashire, England.

7) Briare Aqueduct, France.

Photo via loirevalley-france.co.uk

• It was the longest steel aqueduct in the world before Germany's Magdeburg Water Bridge was built.

8) Naviduct Krabbergat, Netherlands.

• It is a world first naviduct a waterway with a lock.
• It connects two lakes which is on different levels.

9) Edstone Aqueduct, U.K.

Photo via gracesguide.co.uk

• It was used to once serve as the trackbed for the Alcester Railway.
• It happens one of the England's oldest and longest aqueduct.

10) Aqueduct Langdeel, Netherlands.

Photo via dmc.nl

• It is the 360 feet above the N31 highway near the city of Leeuwarden, Netherlands.
• It was built in 2007.
• It is the one of the most asesthetically pleasing structure in town.

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Bubble Deck Slab

What is Bubble Deck Slab ?

Bubble deck slab is a method of eleminating all the concrete from middle in-effective portion of slab which is not performing any structural function & reduce the dead load of structure.

Bubble Deck Slab Method:

In the slab, middle portion which is not effective replaces concrete by high density polyethylene hollow spheres. 

Why bubble deck slab ?

• No need of beam.
• Longer spans.
• No compromise for strength and serviceability.
• Pre-fabricated and cast in situ.

Structural Advantage:

• Less weight.
• No need of beams.
• Freedom for choice of shape.
• Larger span.
• Few columns are required.
• Increased strength.
• Less excavation.

Engineering Advantages:

• High resistance against explosion.
• These slab and column system acts as a elastic membrane which transfer horizontal force to stiff vertical structure which is used for earthquake resistant design.

Construction Advantage:

• Light weight & required less equipment.
• Does not require heavy job on site work.
• Reduce foundation size.

Economically Advantage:

• Save material.
• Transportation cost reduced.
• Faster construction time.
• Building can be more flexible & easy in installation.
• Lower workforce. 
• No carpentry.

Environmental Advantages:

• Reducing CO2 emission.
• Less energy consumption.
• 1Kg of plastic replaces 100Kg of concrete.
• Each & every component can be recycled.

Future Uses:

• This method can be used for constructing of scrapper.
• Used for constructing parking deck as less number of columns required.
• Pedestrian bridge deck.

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