Unit Weight of Materials Used at Site

Sr.No.    Material                            Unit Weight

    1.        Water                                  1000Kg/m³  

    2.        Brick (broken)                   1420Kg/m³

    3.        Brick (common)                1600Kg/m³

    4.        Cement (ordinary)            1440Kg/m³

    5.        Cement (rapid hardening)1250Kg/m³

    6.        Cement Concrete (R.C.C.)2500 Kg/m³

    7.        Cement Concrete (P.C.C.) 2400Kg/m³

    8.        Cement Plaster                  2000Kg/m³

    9.        Lime Plaster                       1700Kg/m³

   10.       Lime Concrete                   1900Kg/m³

   11.       Stone (granite)                   2450Kg/m³

   12.       Stone (marble)                   2650 Kg/m³

   13.       Stone (basalt)                     2850Kg/m³

   14.       Ballast                                  1720Kg/m³

   15.       Aggregate                            1750Kg/m³

   16.       Timber (teak)                     625Kg/m³

   17.       Timber (oak, sal)               510Kg/m³

   18.       Timber (mango)                650Kg/m³

   19.       Glass                                    2500Kg/m³

   20.       Plastic                                  1250Kg/m³

   21.       Coal                                      600Kg/m³

   22.       Oil                                         800Kg/m³

   23.       Ash.                                      650Kg/m³

   24.       Clicker                                 750Kg/m³

   25.       Slag                                      1500Kg/m³

   26.       Rubber                                1300Kg/m³

   27.       Dry Sand                    1540-1600Kg/m³

   28.       Wet Sand                    1760-2000Kg/m³

   29.       Steel                                     7850Kg/m³

   30.       Bitumen                              1040Kg/m³

   31.       Chalk                                   2100Kg/m³

Note: Above material unit weight are subject to site.

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Fire Hydrant System

Fire hydrant system name indicates it is related to fire. Yes it is related to fire safety and also used in water transfer, irrigation, etc. It is known as safety equipment or equipment which are used in emergency condition that is emergency equipment.

It is mostly used in urban, suburban & rural areas. It is effectively used for fire fighters & transfer of water It improve the fire fighting ability on the place where it is installed.

Photo via ntagni.com

How can it help ? 

Suppose a 10 storeyed building and fire emergency is happening on the 8th floor then water is transfer from municipal fire extinguisher to that floor & every corner or place that is not possible in that case use the fire hydrant. The water tank in the vehicle of fire extinguisher is connected to fire hydrant & it (water) is transferred through that hydrant pipe on every corner of that floor with a massive force.

 

Advantages :

It has ability to fight fire.

It is also used for water transfer, irrigation purpose.

It reach every place of the building.

In that the water force is high.

High accessibility.

Photo via pinterest.com

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Digital Signage in Construction Industry

Digital Signage :

It is digital board which use technologies like LCD & LED to show various contents like video, 3D image, instructions, whether data, etc. Also use for advertising purpose.

Photo via moodmedia.com.au

Where it is used? 

• Hotels
• Lodge
• Restaurants
• Shopping Malls
• Exam Halls, etc

Photo via theconstructionindex.co.uk

Digital Signage in Construction ( For Facility Management purpose ) :

• Site safety
• Training for employees
• Reporting
• Project Management
• Planning
• Remodeling

Photo from mcsmag.com

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Lean Construction Management Method

Construction project Management is a method of handling of project most effectively, efficiently. Construction project management manages the project resources & keeping good quality and achieve the quality of excellence.

Photo via kore- system.com

What is Lean Construction Management?

The word 'Lean' means slender, cheap & the opposite that 'Fat' means the reduction of fat and fat in the construction means overproduction that is waste in construction. Then the reduction of fat in the construction this method is known as 'Lean Construction Management.'

Simply, The reduction of waste in the process is known as Lean Construction Management.

Photo via whatislean.org

Elimination of the waste :

• Defect - Defect means the work is not doing correctly first time then resulting in rework that means the wastage of time & material. Also generate the scrap or rework due to defect.
• Overproduction - In the construction any work is completed before the deadline of that work then there can happen the overproduction.
• Lack of planning - Planning is required for every month, every week, every day and also for every task. If planning is not done properly then there is the chances of generation of waste.
• Transportation - It happens when the unnecessary transmission of information that means 
• Waiting - Waiting for construction when the labours are ready & some old work are incomplete before the starting of new work.
• Excess Inventory - Material is not required on site but order the material & store it for a long time resulting material is weak & effect on quality of construction.

Note that Lean Management is a method of removing waste, not for  minimizing waste....

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Gabion Technology

Gabion is a net of welded wire which contain the material such as stone, sand, concrete,rock, soil, etc. The name Gabion was coming from Italian word Gabbia it means big and Latin word cavea it means cage & combination of these words  form Gabion.

Gabbia + Cavea = Gabion

( Big )   + ( Cage ) = ( Big Cage )

Advantages:

• Gabion technique is used for erosion protection & slope stability.
• It provides good strength.
• It improves stability & durability.
• This technique is not harm to nature it is environment friendly.
  
  
  
• Good flexibility.
• It is also used for flood protection.
  
  
  
• It provides good permeability.
• Very high resistance to corrosion.
• Also, it is economical.

Types of Gabions:

1) Gabion Basket -

• Specially designed for highway & railway work. 
• It forms a box in different dimensions.

2) Gabion Wire Mesh -

• It is used for avoiding fallen of rocks, stone on road & railway tracks in topographical region.
• It provides the erosion to slope.

3) Decorative Gabion - 

• It is also used for decorative purpose in gardening for landscaping & increase the beauty.

4) Gabion Sacks - 

• Gabion Sacks are formed fast.
• It is used in the hydraulic elements.
• This is just a protective coating for erosion.

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3D Zebra Crossing Invention

Zebra crossing on the road is used for the crossing of the road. Sometimes vehicles come fast nearby zebra crossing & accident are happening there. Zebra crossing are 2D & white in colour but for reducing accident near zebra crossing 3D zebra crossing invention there in India

3D Concept:

• In that three dimensional ( Length, Breadth, Height or depth ) zebra crossing is used.
• Using this concept we reduce accidents.
• Also we reduce the speed of vehicles in urban area by providing 3D zebra crossing.

2D Zebra Crossing:

3D Zebra Crossing:

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Largest Floating Solar Power Project in India

Overview:

• Location - at Banasura Sagar reservoir, Wayanad, Kerala.
• Owner - Kerala State Electricity Board
• Power generation - 500 kwp
• Occupied by - 1.25 acres of water 
• Solar Panels - 1938 panels
• Material Used - 18 ferro cement
• Inauguraed - 2017

Features: 

• Largest project in India
• Floating Power Project
• High efficiency panels
• SCADA System used in this project for monitoring power generation

Note : This power plant is established in 2017 that time it is largest power plant but now, in the year of 2020 one more country's largest solar power plant will constructed by NTPC Ramagundam & BHEL

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Know About Latest Software List For Civil Engineering

For Architecture Purpose:

• Auto Cad ( 2D + 3D )
• Revit Architecture ( Only Rendering )
• 3D Max ( Live Rendering )
• Google Sketchup 

For Structural Purpose:

• Revit MEP
• Etabs
• STADD Pro
• Tekla
• Safe 
• Naviswork
• SAP 2000

For Management Purpose:

• MS Exel
• MS Project
• Primveera P6 

For Surveying Purpose:

• ArcGIS
• GPS

For Designing of Road Purpose:

• Civil 3D
• MX Road

For Estimating Purpose:

• Autodesk Quantity Take Off:
• PlanSwift 
• Coconstruct
• e Take off
• Stack
• Pro Stack

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Bamboo Facts In Construction Field

We seen most of the construction are constructing by concrete, brick, reinforcement & some are constructing by Bamboo especially hotels, restaurants, gardens, farm houses, etc 

Structure of Bamboo:

• Bamboo is a natural material so, it varries in diameter, length
• It is brown in color
• There is no cross fibres 
• It has a rounded in shape
• Bamboo is a hollow in structure, in bamboo there is no material
• The surface of bamboo is very hard & shiny
  

                                                

 Fact About Bamboo:

• It is in high strength
• It is highly strong than steel reinforcement
• It is earthquake proof
• Bamboo can prevent pollution
• It is light build
• It is also a engineering material 
• It is also used in foreign countries like U.S., U.K., Germany, etc
• First, bamboo was used by U.S. Army Engineer
  

Features:

• It is environment friendly
• It improves aesthetic view of building. 
• It is bio degradable & renewable material
• Bamboo is a durable material
• Also it is strong in bond
• Bamboo is used in beam, column instead of steel reinforcement.

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Modular Construction

Modular Construction is most useful in construction industry also modular construction method increase popularity day by day. Modular construction is also known as prefabricated construction. Simply, modular construction means components is in readymade  which are used in construction of structure. This method is also popular for constructing of green building.

Concept: In that method building component are manufactured  in industry under supervision and quality.

This method is used for structures which are constructed in congested or short area and some problems are occurred on site related to transportation of material, abandoned space is not available for storing of material, etc.

Why increase popularity?

• This method is suitable for structures constructed in short area, where no accessibility of vehicles.
• It is flexible.
• It reduces the time & make faster process.
• This method gives better strength compare to building constructed on site.
• It is nature friendly.
• Provides safety during construction.
• Building makes soundproof.
• It reduces the cost.

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Rebar Coupler

Rebar Coupler is a coupler which is used in construction. Construction sector is a biggest contributer in GDP ( Growth Domestic Product ) of country. The construction sector is one of the sector which is always up side and day by day it is incresing & also providing employability for poor uneducated people.

Why use ?

Generally, lapping joints are provided but lapping joints are not appropriatee & lapping joints are always depended on concrete. Also it is time consuming , difficult in design and installation process but rebar coupler is opposite to that.

Features of Rebar Coupler:

• It is more suitable & effective.
• It is high strength.
• It contain high carbon content.
  
• It increase quality of project.
• It require less time for installation.
  
• It saves the still which is used for lapping length.
• It reduce the still wastage.
  
  
• Bar cross sectional area is not reduced.
• Bend still are not required.

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Hyperloop - The New Technology in Transportation

Hyperloop is a new invention in the field of transport. Now, in transportation we use four modes such as road, railway, water, air. These mode of transportation are relatively expensive & slow ( water, air ). The transportation plays a very vital role in the development of country. Transportation is also affect on the GDP of the country.  

In crowdy places a transport service is not effectivly implemented & the worse effect on the passenger service so hyperloop is a most standard and convenient method. 

Advantages:

• Faster 
• Safer
• Environment Friendly
• Lower Cost 
• Convenient
• Earthquake Resistance
  
  
  

System Highlights:

• It is a tube shape like circle
• The tube are made up of steel
• It is a fastest loop
• It is self powered
• In one capsule of loop generally 30-35 persons are traveled with proper manner also it is joined by other capsule according to situation
• Tubes are covered with solar pannels

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Emerging Technology : Self Healing Concrete

In the construction sector some new invention occur such as Self Healing Concrete. Some critical problems are occur in the concrete which is occur due to variation of temperature,mixing, curing is not done properly, etc. Solution for that problem is coming called as Self Healing Concrete. 

Why need ?

• For avoiding the cracks which are developed in concrete.
• To avoiding water seeps through concrete pores
• Concrete is well stand with compressive strength but not  enough stands with tensile strength.
• Structure built in underground for marine then there is salt present in water & that salt penetrates into concrete result in corrosion of reinforcement in concrete.
• For removing bacteria like rust, salt, etc which are present in concrete.

Ingridients:

• Concrete : 1) Cement 2) Sand 3) Aggregate 4) Water
• Bacillus
• Calcium Lactate 
• Nitrogen
• Phosphate
  
  
  
  

Advantages:

• Increase strength of concrete
• Cracks can be reduced
• Corrosion of reinforcement are reduced like negligible
• It reduce the permeability
• Maintenance cost is lower
• It has lower water absorption
• It provide the better resistance against snow attack & frezing

Disadvantages:

• The uses of self healing concrete is limited to structure because it contain bacteria & it is not good for human health

                                                                  Thanks for Reading!!!

                                                             

                                 

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Zojila Tunnel : Upcoming Infrastructure in India

Overview of project :

1) Asia's longest tunnel

2) Zojila project is situated at altitude of 3000 m  on Srinagar - Kargil - Leh national highway.

3) Srinagar to Leh requires 3 hours & it will reduce to 15 minute

4) It will be 14.15 km longest tunnel

5) In that tunnel proposed CCTV cameras, fire fighting system, emergency telephones will be provided

*Remember Zojila Tunnel will coming soon it is just a overview.

Thermal Bridging

What is thermal bridging ?

Thermal Bridging is also known as cold bridge or heat bridge. Thermal bridging creates a least resistance for heat transfer. It is a component of object which has a higher thermal conductivity than other object. As possible as avoid the thermal bridging at any point. It develops in any part  of the building

Concept:

Simply, where there is a connection between inside and outside in that place develop higher thermal conductivity than other part of building .

Generally,thermal conductivity develop at frames such as window, door, etc which are connected to wall. Also develop wall to wall, steel or concrete members, roof, etc.

By avoiding thermal bridging, help to us for energy saving, increase in lifespan of building, also reduce cost

How to avoid thermal bridging?

   

• Design a building properly
• By providing thermal insulation properly
• By providing reinforced concrete
• By providing protection layer
• By providing brick masonry
• By providing mineral wool

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Environment & Health Friendly - Smart Mobile Radiation Chip

Mobile is a most important part of  our daily routine. Now, all world are digital & most of work are online like shopping, also a educastion. Some advantages & disadvantages of  mobile & advantages are well know but disadvantages are vary danger

Disadvantages:

• Mobile transfer the toxic radiations to not only on our body but also on environment
• Due to transfering radiation waves result is very dangerious diseas like headache, migrane, braintumer, amnesia, etc  are occur in our body
• After long time seeing of mobile screen the water is coming from the eye

• Also impact on health hazard like risk to children, DNA damage, skin problem, ear damage, sleep disorder, increases in cancer causes attributed by WHO ( World Health Orgnization ) 

Ingridients used for making of chip:

  

• Cow dung
• Cow urine
• Blood sandalwood

                                                                                                                                               

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